Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Concert Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Concert - Assignment Example Diwali is celebrated differently in different regions of India. For example, in northern India, Diwali is a mean to celebrate the return of Rama from Ayodhya after suffering in exile for fourteen years. It is celebrated to honour Rama’s victory against the defeat of Ravana. Similarly, in Gujrat, Diwali is celebrated to welcome the goddess of wealth which is known as Lakshmi in Hindi. In other parts such as Nepal, people celebrate the festival to remind themselves the victory of Krishna who was known for defeating evil king Narakaasura. Also in Bengal, Dewali holds a significant importance for them as a celebration associated with the goddess of Kali Mata. Traditional Activities: The typical traditional activities include: The cleaning of houses, streets, shops and all the public places. Buying and wearing new attires. Decorating every corner of the city with beautiful lights especially the Diyas. Cooking traditional foods especially the real festive meals. Exchanging gifts suc h as traditional sweets, valuable gold items for women and dresses such as Sari, dried fruits, toys for children. And last but not the least, displaying the magnificent fireworks to celebrate the real essence and charisma of Diwali. Traditional Music: Music and dance are an essential part of any Hindu festival. Even during, Diwali people celebrate the joy and happiness on the beats of traditional festive music mixed with Holy songs and sometimes, songs from the famous Indian movies are also played. Any Hindu festival is considered without music especially without the beats of drums. Songs are played on all the public venues for people to dance and cherish the moments. Traditional Food: Diwali is incomplete without sweets and traditional food. Indians celebrate this event with the touch of their traditional sweets known as Mithai. Other traditional foods include Halwa, snacks made from chickpeas, rice and lentil and Chivda. Especially on the day of Diwali, women give a plenty of thei r time in cooking these traditional foods including drinks such as Chai, Sorbets and different frozen desserts. Their food is usually filled with spices and herbs cooked in special coconut oil (Source: The Guardian). Conclusion Diwali is the most celebrated event in the history of India and wherever Sikhs, Hindus and Jains live. It has remained the same during all those times and it is still celebrated in the same traditional and enthusiastic manner. Even today, people still decorate their surroundings with colourful lights, decorative items, exchange gifts and focus on sending traditional sweets to one another. Hindus know how to preserve their traditions and culture without changing them even a bit. Works Cited: BBC. Diwali- 3rd November. [Available Online]. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/hinduism/diwali.shtml accessed on 8th March, 2013 The Guardian. What’s eaten at Diwali. [Available Online]. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2011/oct/25/whats-eate n-at-diwali accessed on 8th M

Monday, October 28, 2019

Headphones vs Speakers Essay Example for Free

Headphones vs Speakers Essay A man was shot and killed for having his music too loud. This would not have been a problem had the teenager been listening to his audio with headphones rather than some ill-fated speakers. Speakers and headphones’ main use is to transmit sound produced by a certain source. They both have the same fundamental purpose but man’s erroneous actions lead us to believe one is better, or often more preferred, than the other. Headphones are better than speakers because they are cheaper, portable, undisruptive, and personal. For the same overall performance, headphones are much cheaper than speakers. One thing you can rarely battle against is a good product at a low price. When thinking in economic terms of the price-performance ratio (the performance value is divided by the price value), headphones come out with a higher ratio. A good surround sound system will disperse the sound through a room to try and deliver it to the listener’s ears. The listener will be receiving the sound from multiple angles producing an effect that makes up for a good experience. Take for example; watching a war movie in surround sound will make one feel like he really is part of the action in the film. All the sound is traveling in form of waves and is being picked up by your pinna which is the outer part of the ear whose function is to collect sound and also to reveal the location the sound is coming from. All the speakers stay in the same place which can cause minor disruptions when moving your head. Headphones on the other hand will always stay on your head. One would think that headphones can’t possibly produce the same sound as the speaker set but after all you only have two ears. One thing that headphones have is 3D audio effects. These effects manipulate the pinna and give the human ear the impression that so und is not coming from two sources but is being received from all 360 degrees around a man. When listening to the audio, the sound can be heard coming from the front as well as from the rear. So if headphones can easily be manipulated to have the same performance as speakers, then the quality of sound is not something that will influence the decision of which one, either headphone or speaker, to pick. The big difference and the thing that will make a person in today’s economy decide which one to purchase lies ultimately in the price of the product. A good and reasonable pair of headphones can go for around $100. A speaker system that will play at same quality will cost you about three or four times as much. The most expensive headphones cost around $2000 $5000 dollars. The most expensive speakers go for up to fifty times that amount. Over all it’s clearly seen that the price-performance ratio for headphones is higher. Headphones have the same performance as speakers and cost a lot less. So you love listening to Frederic Chopin’s Nocturne in E Flat Major on your speakers but figure out that when travelling on a cross continental trip to Japan it is very difficult to bring your speaker system into the plane and more difficult to set it up once inside. Fearing you might end up being shot like the teenager from Florida you are immobilized because of the problem. The solution to this most troubling issue, having once found out that headphones can play at the same if not better quality than speakers, is to have a pair of headphones. One thing speakers cannot do is be portable. They are just not meant for travel. Headphones on the other end can easily and comfortably be placed on your head and carried to and fro Los Angeles and Japan. Headphones are highly portable to the point where they even make them to be waterproof; resisting the craziest weather on any given rainy day. They are also very stylish so that you can buy a pair or two that fit your style and character. They can also be wireless for any people that might be offset by any cables You’re caught in an intensely long firefight in Halo 4 but your roommates were being so loud that you could not hear the footsteps of the enemy that crept up to assassinate you from behind; or you finished finals early and decided to play Halo 4 but with the crossfire, showering grenades, and speeding vehicles your roommates complained they could not concentrate for their study for the Electronic Music final. Sadly, due to signed dorm room policies you are left immobilized and find yourself in another problem. The solution would of course be headphones or in this case headphones with an attached microphone. Speakers can sometimes be too loud and disruptive for other people that headphones are more reliable in these cases. With a pair of headphones there is no one that can tell you to lower your volume because you are too disruptive. Headphones also have the ability to cancel out ambient sounds that can negatively affect what should be a good sounding experience. Having to watch a movie or listen to music with an extra contribution of chatter and yelling from friends or neighbors is not pleasant. Neither is it pleasant to be disruptive to other people in the household by blasting your sound through the roof. These are problems that people which own speaker encounter. Speakers are disruptive, inconsiderate of others, and have a low ability to block outside noises a person does not want to hear. When using headphones there is a personal feeling of intimacy one can feel. Speakers might be able to play sound from many places and into your ears but when you put headphones on it feels like the music is travelling within your skull. When speakers play their sound it takes time for the sound to travel to a person’s ears. During the time it takes to travel, some of the high frequencies of the sound waves have been absorbed into the air and not all the sound is perceived in your ears. When using headphones you can hear all the frequencies clearer because the strength of the sound is not reduced over time. Headphones give you a greater and richer sound experience than what speaker can produce. When comparing headphones to speakers, speakers are surpassed in many aspects. For one headphones are cheaper which make it more accessible for people who have trouble coming up with income. Headphones are sleek, stylish and can be included in just about any activity you do. They are also very discreet and unobtrusive which is something speakers can never be; neither can speakers be as easily portable as headphones. Above all headphones give the listener the full spectrum sound and produce a listening experience unsurpassed by that of speakers. Works Cited Best Headphones. ! Recommendations Grouped by Price Range. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Guttenberg, Steve. Headphones vs. Speakers: Which Is Better? CNET News. CBS Interactive, 10 Mar. 2012. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Head to Head Headphones versus Speakers. Head to Head Headphones versus Speakers. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. HeadWize Article: Preventing Hearing Damage When Listening With Headphones (A HeadWize Headphone Guide). HeadWize Article: Preventing Hearing Damage When Listening With Headphones (A HeadWize Headphone Guide). N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. Man Who Killed Florida Teen Over Loud Music Alters His Story to Fit Stand Your Ground. PoliticusUSA. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. The Soundry: The Outer Ear. ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 13 Dec. 2012. ROBERT A. BUTLER and RICHARD A. HUMANSKI. Localization of sound in the vertical plane with and without high-frequency spectral cues. Perception Psychophysics 1992,51(2), 182-186

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Essay --

Alexander Caracciolo World Civilizations II (A) Spring 2014 ARTICLE Hitler and the Uniqueness of Nazism Ian Kershaw, Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 39, No. 2, Understanding Nazi Germany (Apr., 2004), pp. 239-254 I INTRODUCTION Though Nazism can be sited as a form of fascism or type of totalitarianism, these common concepts inadequately account for what was unique about the regime that unleashed such devastating inhumanity; a terrible war of annihilation and the worst genocide the world has yet experienced. This article suggests the answer is located in a unique mixture of potent forces emulsified in a vicious cocktail, Hitler's dictatorship. The extraordinary power of his 'charismatic authority', the distinctive climate of German political culture, and the bureaucratic capacity of a highly modern state system ultimately lead to uprising and the uniqueness of Nazism. II. SUMMARY 1. Introduction In the introduction, Ian Kershaw discusses what he considers common knowledge about the Nazi regime. Through a series of counterexamples, he disproves these theories as the singular causes of Nazism uniqueness. The idea that Hitler alone was unique is disproved, the idea that First World War was instrumental in Nazism’s uniqueness was disproved and countless others. 2. Hitler’s Indispensability When describing Nazism it seems only natural to begin with Hitler. Although he himself cannot account for Nazism’s uniqueness, his role as a dictator is indispensable in making this claim. Kershaw explains, no Hitler: â€Å"no SS-police state, no general European war by the late 1930s, no attack on the Soviet Union, no Holocaust, no state policy aimed at wiping out the Jews of Europe† (245). Yet the forces that led to the â€Å"undermining of law, to... ...mbodied and its corrupting effect on the instruments and mechanisms of the most advanced state in Europe. Both the broad acceptance of the 'project' of 'national salvation', seen as personified in Hitler, and the internalization of the ideological goals by a new, modern power-elite, operating along-side weakened old elites through the bureaucratic sophistication of a modern state, were necessary prerequisites for the world-historical catastrophe of the Third Reich. III. SOURCES This article is not based on any one primary source, but is instead smattered with the ideas from several historians. IV. SIGNIFICANCE/HISTORICAL CONTEXT In addressing previous historical scholarship, Kershaw sheds new light on what is commonly thought of as Nazism. He recognizes other theories a being part Nazism but uses several sources to explain how they were not what was unquie to it.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

“Immigrant” becomes dirtiest word as Americans are told to speak English

A recent article from the Independent Newspaper's correspondent in New York brings to our attention â€Å"the current mood of xenophobia† in the USA. After approximately two centuries of welcoming immigrants from around the world, it would seem that the Americans have begun to mistrust and to some extent, even fear the very people that have historically given them such a dynamic and diverse country, namely, foreign immigrants. There are several reasons for this recent shift in perspective, two of which are, recent terrorist attacks on American servicemen in Saudi Arabia and an explosion on an American airline flight, that foreign terrorists caused some people suspect. Historian, Arthur Schlesinger has spoken on â€Å"the tribalization of American life† and appears to be suggesting that the different ethnic groups in America are arranging themselves into their own groups and not crossing ethnic boundaries. One symptom of this seems to be the gang culture that exists, where each gang is alleged to be made up from members of the same ethnic group. A key factor in this is language, generally people who only speak one language find it difficult to mix with other ethnic groups or cultures, or indeed find it difficult to understand other cultures viewpoint. As a result of all of these difficulties, the government has introduced a bill called â€Å"The English Language Empowerment Act† the main purpose of which is to make English the official language of America. It is perceived by Republicans, that this Act will encourage immigrants to learn English, as it will be difficult, if not impossible for them to understand federal documents that are written in English. The Act has already been criticised for infringing on American's right to free speech and making it difficult for non-English speaking Americans to receive or even understand information or ideas. It is a safe assumption to make, that if people can't speak English, then they will be unable to understand written English. This argument would seem to carry a significant amount of weight. People have put forward the argument that this Act is connected with attitudes towards Immigrants. This argument seems to be borne out by the fact that there is nothing in the Act that will help to actually teach people how to speak or read English, rather it seems to punish those who can't by denying them access to written information. It has also been pointed out by opponents to the Act, that ninety seven percent of Americans speak English already and a very small proportion of government documents (around one percent,) are actually written in a foreign language. Some people looking at these statistics, would argue that there is no need for this Act, unless it were to force people into becoming â€Å"more American† and punishing those who preferred to stick to their own language and culture. This argument seems to be borne out further by another piece of Republican proposed legislation, the welfare reform Bill. One provision of this Bill would be that, immigrants who are in America quite legally, but are not yet citizens, would not be eligible for state welfare benefits, yet another form of â€Å"immigrant bashing† some might say. Hot button as mentioned in the article; a controversial thing of the moment, it is a happening now situation. Enduring canard, a lasting ongoing issue, to accept with a certain amount of tolerance regarding political correctness, in this case a probability that it has come about in the course of sensationalism and cock-and-bull story of this report in America's newspapers. Polyglot America Speaking, reading and writing many different languages, in this case America.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

The Relationship Between Corporations and the Environment

The relationship between corporations and the environment is a tumultuous one. Corporations have abused and violated the environment for generations. These actions have now become unacceptable in our present society. There is growing concern for our natural resources; the world's forests, waterways, and air are noticeably tainted. In the last twenty years, the U. S. has become more vigilant in recognizing and passing acts to attempt to regulate and purify our environment. Between 1938 and 1986, twelve acts regarding business and the environment have been passed. The Food and Drug Administration established the first act in 1938. The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act was passed to regulate food and drug additives. The Delaney Clause in 1958 added the prohibition of the sale of foods containing human or animal carcinogens to the original act. The Wilderness Act of 1964 outlawed the development of wilderness areas and gave new procedures for the appointment of new protected areas. In 1969, the National Environment Policy Act created a nation wide environmental policy and the Council on Environmental Quality. A year later, the first legislation passed for the Clean Air Act. It was relegislated in 1977 and again in 1990. This act established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to control the enforcement of air quality standards. In 1972, both the Federal Insecticide and Rodenticide Act and the Clean Water Act were passed. They were relegislated in 1988; and 1977, 1981, and 1987 respectively. FIFRA requires the registration of every pesticide, certification and preconsumer testing. The Clean Water Act established standards for wastewater treatment, sludge management, and set discharge limitation and water quality standards. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects animals that are threatened or endangered. Relegislated in 1984, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 standardized the manufacturing, transportation, storage, treatment and dumping of solid and hazardous waste. Also passed in 1976 was the Toxic Substances Control Act, which delegates the EPA control over the assessment of risks involved in chemicals and recordkeeping. 1980 saw the passing of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Recovery Act, which brought liability upon the owners, transporters and sources of hazardous waste, and established the Superfund to help with cleanup costs. The Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act requires companies to publicly disclose all chemical and toxic hazards in their operations. 1 These acts have often left companies feeling as though their hands were tied. The Clean Air Act by 1989 managed to reduce air pollution to two thirds of the 1970's level. The Act achieves this through the use of permits to regulate the construction and production of major sources of pollution. The act specifies that a major source is one that emits 100 tons or more per year. This means that a factory can be built that emits 90 tons of pollution per year with out a permit. A permit is also necessary if you want to increase an existing factory that emits 100 tons by 25 tons. This act has its shortcomings. For example, a university wants to expand its heating plant. The administration has two options either modify the existing plant or build a new plant. The university's heating plant emits 100 tons of pollution, this means that they will need a permit. The modification would normally be more cost effective because it is a smaller job and would not take as much time to accomplish. The practicality of the situation would force the building of a new heating plant that is to be smaller than 100 tons of pollution. The reason for this is the delay, cost and uncertainty of the permitting process, which would drive the over all cost up. It is probable that the modification of the single plant would ultimately produce less pollution that the two separate plants. 2 The SARA, or Superfund Amendment and Reauthorization Act passed by the government as an addendum to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Recovery Act specifies that companies make public details of their storage and handling techniques. All firms manufacturing 300 specific chemicals must abide by this. Firms with ten or more full time workers must painstakingly report must report all chemicals released routinely. The quantity of the specific chemicals released into water, soil, and air, along with a listing of waste treatment efficiency must be made available to the surrounding community. It is difficult for companies to cite specific waste treatment facilities, for not many true ones exist. The public demands total removal of hazardous wastes and at the same time that the goods be produced with the same efficiency and quality. 3 The Clean Water Act is a system of minimum national standards for the discharge of toxins and hazardous waste into the environment. The rules given call for complicated technical decisions to be made by businesses. The fact that a company must comply with all new standards within a year causes for much loss and payment of fines. These acts do have negative effects upon businesses. However, corporations are finding advantages to environmentally sound procedures. Not only are environmentally friendly policies popular with consumers, but they can also save businesses a great deal of money. As the acts and their socially conscious agenda become more assimilated into the business world, business is working to gain advantage and minimize disadvantages. Many case studies support this idea. Corporations have discovered that they can often use environmental friendly programs and products to produce more profits. An excellent example of this is Ben and Jerry's ice cream company. The company began by making all natural ice cream on a very small scale in Burlington, Vermont in 1978. Natural food held great appeal in Vermont, even before it held nation-wide popularity. Soon, their product became extremely popular. Ben and Jerry's all natural products provided the first benefits of environmental-friendly policies for the company. Later, when two large manufacturing facilities were built in Waterbury and St. Albans Vermont, they decided to treat the waste created form their processing with a prototype solar aquatic treatment system. Like a wetland, the system combines solar energy with plants, algae and microbes to break down wastewater. Three â€Å"green teams† strive to ensure compliance with their priorities of managing their waste, conserving energy, practicing sustainability, finding renewable energy sources and forming environmentally positive community programs. Besides these positive actions, which attract many customers, other environmentally correct actions save Ben and Jerry's money. Instead of sending massive amounts of waste to the landfill, the company implemented procedures that minimize waste and reduce cost simultaneously. Cardboard waste is baled and sold or recycled, which saves the company $17,400 annually. Office employees must follow a recycling program to save energy, cost and trees. $235,000 a year is saved in recycling or reusing plastic buckets. As much as $250,000 a year will be saved from new energy saving devices incorporated by the company. There are environmentally positive aspects in every part of the company which prove Ben and Jerry's to be unhypocritical, for the environmentally friendly image they sell their products. Since their total sales were $97 million in 1991, it seems that this philosophy works and brings about a large customer base. 4 Other companies have found profit through environmentally safe Merck & Co. , a worldwide health product corporation for animals and humans, and specialty chemicals balances profit and responsibility even in the face of SARA. To maintain an inner accordance, Merck runs its operations with the same regard for health and well being that its products have. Merck has declared, â€Å"†¦ our commitment is to conduct our business worldwide in a manner that will protect the environment as well as the health and safety of our employees and the public. â€Å"5 Merck made formal its environmental commitment in 1990. In 1990, the company published a statement giving its environmental policies and goals. The progress toward these objectives was charted through periodic reports in a set five-year period. The objectives set by Merck were specific. The minimization of chemicals released into the atmosphere, in turn harming people, animals, the ozone layer, and causing acid rain and the greenhouse effect was one goal. Research to find new ways to minimize waste and conserve resources was a priority. Reduction of waste generation and self-sufficient waste treatment and disposal were another goal. Energy and resource conservation practices were to be utilized in its research, manufacturing and office facilities. Lastly, resource conservation was to be promoted through innovative product design and recyclable materials. 6 Merck, like all chemical producers, was directly confronted with SARA. Though the company is not forced to reduce emissions, its operation procedures go far above SARA suggestions and Clean Air Act regulations. Voluntarily, the company made a commitment to the EPA to follow these higher standards. Merck specifically vowed to reduce carcinogen air emissions by 90% at the end of 1991. Also, these air emissions were to be eradicated by 1993. Finally, Merck would reduce releases of corporate chemicals by around 90% of all direct releases and material transfers for off site disposal by the end of 1995. Merck had reduced all its worldwide releases of toxic chemicals by 50% from 1987 figures by the end of 1992. 7 The goals focusing on toxic waste processing and reductions were to be achieved through a strategic plan at division and plant levels. Divisions, plants and salaried employees directly or indirectly involved with manufacturing were to implement personal goals to help Merck achieve their overall goals. The eight plants under Merck's manufacturing division, along with the two manufacturing vice-presidents, were each accountable for the reduction and better management of waste in the plants. A central environmental resource staff coordinated and supported the effort. SOurce reduction was the biggest priority, followed by recovery/recycling/reuse, and waste management. Most of Merck's waste is non toxic. The toxic minority consists of primarily ethyl alcohol, acetone and methyl alcohol, used in manufacturing processes. The waste stream is boiled, the purified vapors condensed, and the liquid recollected. 90% is recovered for reuse. The remaining 10% is toxic waste. 8 Packaging components have experienced reduction in the interest of landfill space and resource conservation. Cotton wadding in drug bottles has been eliminated in the US. In Europe, there has been a 10% reduction in aluminum and foil waste. A conversion in Europe to standard blister packaging and high volume carton printing reduces waste and saves money. 9 New and more efficient equipment helps to reduce Merck's waste management problems. By standardizing and improving production, Merck is less likely to encounter problems with the FDA for making drug production changes. Approval for production changes is extremely time and cost consuming. Yield and product quality standards are on the same level as environmental standards. Merck, â€Å"takes responsibility for the total life cycle of materials we use and products we manufacture. â€Å"10 Merck keeps lines of communication open with the public concerning its environmental policies. By working with the Chemical Manufacturers Association's Responsible Care Program, Merck provides information to the public through a 1-800 number. The number is linked directly to Merck, where questions regarding Merck plants are answered. Emergency response systems are in place at factories, and for Merck transports. Literature regarding operations and safety procedures are distributed by Merck to keep the public informed. 11 Merck's environmental commitment extends to its corporate headquarters. Environmental preservation of woodland and wetlands upon the site was the priority. The 900,000 square foot hexagon-shaped building and the 700,000 square foot underground parking garage made a minimal effect upon the land. Awards and recognition were in order for this achievement. Kevin Roche, an architect known for designs that blend into the environment, was chosen for the project. The hexagon building surrounds five acres of forest, roads go over the land, and trees were moved rather than destroyed. They were nurtured in a nursery for as long as three years and then returned to the landscape. Energy saving features were utilized in the main building. All paper waste, the principal waste product, is recycled. 2. 8 tons of waste are produced per day, of which 8 tons are recyclable. 12 Merck has made an agreement with the Costa Rican Instituto Nacional de Biodivarsidad (INBio) to grant a million dollars to catalog the immensely diverse life found in Costa Rico. In exchange, Merck is granted the rights to any new medicines found. If a new medicine is found, the royalties will surpass the cost of the failure of the project. The diversity of Costa Rico is thought by scientists to contain more biodiversity then any other planet on earth. Many unknown animals and plants exist in Costa Rico and have yet to be discovered. Merck is training local people to take samples and perform extractions. INBio will analyze the samples. Merck will evaluate samples for agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. This mutual beneficent relationship will aid both the environment and Merck. 13 By improving their product, cutting their costs, and improving their public image, Merck has made a profit from environmental friendliness. The envirometal centered policy has opened up new markets and gained a competitive advantage. This compliance is expensive, but seems well worth the expenditure for the return. The EPA also has developed incentives in recent years for environmental policy compliance. The Green Lights program gives companies EPA support to drive down lighting usage, which accounts for over 20% of overall electrical costs. Software, financing information, lighting product consumer reporting is provided free of charge. Public recognition is given through public service ads, news articles, marketing materials, broadcast specials and videotapes. Computer manufacturers who install automatic â€Å"power down† on their computers join the Energy Star program endorsed by the EPA. Consumers and businesses look specifically for this symbol in many cases, causing a gain for the computer manufacturer. Variable Speed Drives for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems save 40% or more efficiency. The EPA has formed a special group buy to make them more affordable. Payback is within three years. Plans are on the board to endorse other â€Å"green† technologies this way. Refrigerators that are produced and function 30-50% more energy efficient then 1993 standards will receive a rebate. These are just a few incentives the EPA is providing. 14 Government and business have often debated over policies and laws. In the case of laws governing business practices and their effects on the environment, this holds true. The balance between being environmentally safe and still producing the quality and quantities needed is delicate. However, today's market makes environmental friendliness sellable, and the procedures involved often save businesses a considerable amount of money. Ben and Jerry's have utilized the market for environmentally aware products and combined it with their company philosophy. Merck has utilized the same business strategy and found ways to surpass SARA and other environmental acts. These businesses prove that being environmentally responsible is not only morally correct, but also profitable.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

This is a lab report on Drug Analysis- Color Tests essays

This is a lab report on Drug Analysis- Color Tests essays Objective: To detect how different reagents can be used in drug testing Materials and Methods/Procedures: A clean, dry porcelain spot plate, toothpicks, drug samples of caffeine, ibuprofen, phenacetin, quinine, and salicylic acid were obtained, as were reagents Liebermann, sulfuric acid and ferric chloride. The spot plate was labeled and color changes were noted after applying individual drugs and reagents in their respected Results: The immediate results for Liebermann's reagent were: caffeine- yellow, ibuprofen-orange, phenacetin-dark purple, quinine-light brown, salicylic acid-reddish brown and an unknown sample-dark orange. After one minute, the results of Liebermann's reagent were: caffeine-yellow, ibuprofen-red brown, phenacetin-dark purple, quinine-light brown, salicylic acid-red brown, and an unknown agent-dark orange. The immediate results for Sulfuric acid were: caffeine-no change, ibuprofen-irony, phenacetin- clear, quinine-yellow (green), salicylic acid-no change, and an unknown sample-no change. After one minute, the results of Sulfuric acid were: caffeine-tint of red, ibuprofen-tint of pink, phenacetin-clear, quinine- light yellow, salicylic acid-no change, and an unknown sample-no change. The immediate results for Ferric chloride were: caffeine-yellow (orange), ibuprofen-yellow, phenacetin-yellow, quinine-orange, salicylic acid-purple, and an unknown sample-dark purple. After one minute, the results of Ferric chloride were: caffeine-yellow (orange), ibuprofen-dark yellow, phenacetin- very dark yellow, quinine-brown (dark orange), salicylic acid-dark purple, Discussion: The reagents had an effect on almost all of the drug samples, with many of them continuing to change color after one minute. Conclusion: Drug testing can be performed by ...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Free Essays on Women Abuse

woman abuse Male domination and patriarchy have been under challenge by feminists and the women's movement in recent decades. The economic, social and political subjection of women around the world, the violence brought against them and their confinement to the domestic sphere have been analyzed and denounced in academic studies. Most people want to build a new society where gender is not the central factor discriminating between individuals, who should be free to choose the life styles that suit them. Men have, in general, been socialized to hide their innermost thoughts and feelings. As young boys they are socialized to believe that if they are open about their feelings they would be considered weak and/or not manly by their peers.  ¡Ã‚ ¥Being strong ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥being a man ¡Ã‚ ¦ meant creating a tough exterior, and not allowing anyone to penetrate that hard shell. Men who batter women have never learned how to cope successfully with angry feelings. Life is full of events that caus e us immense stress and frustration, but the abusive male does not have the communication skills necessary for resolving the conflict passively. What is violence against women? For some people, the answer to this question is simple  ¡V an intentional physical act such as a kick, punch, push, choke, or bite, that results in a physical injury. Many people accept this definition of woman abuse inasmuch as they believe that if you don ¡Ã‚ ¦t need stitches, you ¡Ã‚ ¦re not hurt. Most researchers have limited their attention to non-lethal, non-sexual assaults. Unfortunately, this focus on physical assaults does not reflect the brutal reality of many women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. We are inclined to agree with the feminist point of view that any definition of woman abuse must incorporate a much broader range of behaviours. Feminists argue that woman abuse refers to anything a male has done or not done to his partner that is perceived as psychologically, socially, economically, o... Free Essays on Women Abuse Free Essays on Women Abuse woman abuse Male domination and patriarchy have been under challenge by feminists and the women's movement in recent decades. The economic, social and political subjection of women around the world, the violence brought against them and their confinement to the domestic sphere have been analyzed and denounced in academic studies. Most people want to build a new society where gender is not the central factor discriminating between individuals, who should be free to choose the life styles that suit them. Men have, in general, been socialized to hide their innermost thoughts and feelings. As young boys they are socialized to believe that if they are open about their feelings they would be considered weak and/or not manly by their peers.  ¡Ã‚ ¥Being strong ¡Ã‚ ¦ and  ¡Ã‚ ¥being a man ¡Ã‚ ¦ meant creating a tough exterior, and not allowing anyone to penetrate that hard shell. Men who batter women have never learned how to cope successfully with angry feelings. Life is full of events that caus e us immense stress and frustration, but the abusive male does not have the communication skills necessary for resolving the conflict passively. What is violence against women? For some people, the answer to this question is simple  ¡V an intentional physical act such as a kick, punch, push, choke, or bite, that results in a physical injury. Many people accept this definition of woman abuse inasmuch as they believe that if you don ¡Ã‚ ¦t need stitches, you ¡Ã‚ ¦re not hurt. Most researchers have limited their attention to non-lethal, non-sexual assaults. Unfortunately, this focus on physical assaults does not reflect the brutal reality of many women ¡Ã‚ ¦s lives. We are inclined to agree with the feminist point of view that any definition of woman abuse must incorporate a much broader range of behaviours. Feminists argue that woman abuse refers to anything a male has done or not done to his partner that is perceived as psychologically, socially, economically, o...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Idioms and Expressions With Make

Idioms and Expressions With Make The following idioms and expressions use make. Each idiom or expression has a definition and example sentences to help you understand these common idiomatic expressions with make. Once you have studied these expressions, test your knowledge with quiz testing idioms and expressions with make. There are many other words that often find their way into common idioms and expressions including have, run, work, and like. Make a Beeline for Someone or Something To go directly to someone or something as soon as you arrive. I got to the party and made a beeline for Susan.He made a beeline for the booth as soon as he arrived. Make a Clean Sweep To get rid of everything or everyone to start anew. Im afraid well have to make a clean sweep and start over.The police made a clean sweep of the area by arresting everyone.   Make a Comeback To become successful again after having been away from the scene or society for a long time The actress made a comeback in her latest movie.Youll have to make a comeback and take over the company. Make a Face Contort your face, make a strange expression often used with at someone. She tasted the soup and made a face. It must have been awful.Dont make a face at me! I know youre not happy. Make a Fool out of Someone To trick someone and make them look bad. She made a fool out of him and then left him for another man.I dont think youll ever make a fool out of me. Make a Fuss To pay a lot of attention to someone or something. She made a fuss the last time we visited, so lets take a gift.Im afraid I make a bit of a fuss over my plants in the garden. Make a Go of It To become successful, have success in business. It took us a few years to make a go of it, but everythings fine now.Bob made a go of it as an opera singer in Europe.   Make a Killing To earn a lot of money. Peter has been making a killing as a hedge fund manager.They made a killing in real estate and retired. Make a Living To earn money in a profession or trade. He makes a living selling insurance to the elderly.Can you make a good living by teaching? Make a Name for Oneself To become famous or well known. Jennifer made a name for herself as an actress on Broadway.One day youll get out into the world and make a name for yourself. Make a Point To make something understood to others. Im trying to make a point about your lack of effort.The presentation made the point that you need to start saving early in life. Make a Run for It To try to escape from a bad situation, or just from the rain or something equally unpleasant. Lets make a run for those trees over there. They should keep us dry.The bank robbers made a run for it, but the police caught them within two hours. Make a Scene To become very upset and vocal so that others notice you. The little girl made a scene every time her mother didnt immediately buy her what she wanted.Dont make a scene about this. Lets go home and talk about it. Make a Stink To complain loudly about something. She made a stink to human resources after she didnt get the promotion.Ill go down to the store and make a stink about this! Make an Example of Someone To do something negative to someone in order that others understand that they should not do the same. The boss decided to fire him to make an example of him to the other employees.Im afraid he made an example of her and she started to cry in front of everybody. Make an Exception To not do something that is usually the rule. Ill make an exception this one time. Next time, dont forget your homework.Can you make an exception and let me take the test next week? Make Arrangements   To do everything needed in order to be sure that something is done properly. Ill make arrangements for this to be shipped to Japan.We made arrangements for the meeting next week. Make Ends Meet To earn enough money to pay the bills. He works as an English teacher to make ends meet.You might not get rich, but youll certainly make ends meet. Make Fun Of   To joke at the expense of someone. He made fun of her makeup and she began to cry.Dont make fun of Peter! Hes a great guy! Make Good on Something To do something you have promised or feel you owe someone. Let me make good on it by taking you out to dinner.Jason made good on the bet after two weeks.   Make Light of Something To joke about something serious. I think you need to make light of the whole situation. What good does it do to worry so much?They made light of the mistake and continued with the job. Make Mischief To do something naughty, to get in trouble. The boys made mischief over the holidays and were grounded for three days.I know youre making mischief. I can see the twinkle in your eye. Make Sense   To try to understand something, to be understandable. Does that make any sense to you?Im trying to make sense of this situation. Make Short Work of Something To do something quickly. Lets make short work of the garden and have a beer.She made short work of the report and moved on to the presentation. Make Someone Tick To be responsible for how someone acts in life. His love of music makes him tick.What makes you tick? What really gets you excited? Make Something Up To invent something that isnt true, to tell a false story. He made up an excuse to get out of work that day.Have you ever made something up? Make the Grade To be good enough. Im afraid your work here doesnt make the grade.Do you think this painting will make the grade at the competition? Make Waves To cause others trouble, often by complaining a lot. Can also mean to become noticed, usually by some type of disruption, which can be good or bad. Many people say its important to not make waves at work. Thats how we get into a mess!Her father made waves until the school decided to give her another chance.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

The study of corporate crimesprecepts and significance Essay

The study of corporate crimesprecepts and significance - Essay Example While many factors including lack of public awareness and concern, the myth that corporate crimes are not serious and/or victimless, absence of broad-based social movement against corporate crime, and the corporate domination of society and academics may have hindered the development of corporate criminology as an academic speciality in the past, the need to address corporate crime as an area of behaviour demanding deep and urgent study by criminologists has been suggested by many researchers.1 The report examines the subject matter of corporate criminology, and attempts to understand the criminological precepts and legal concepts associated with corporate crime. In doing so it shall examine the definitions, classifications and theorisations of corporate criminal behaviour and wrongdoings as well as the implications of corporate criminalisation. The report shall analyse the nature and extent of corporate crimes in the U.K., in understanding the significance of the study of corporate crimes. Edwin Sutherland's 1940 study, "White Collar Criminality" is understood to be the first attempt to study corporate wrongdoings from a criminological perspective.2 Despite his frequent reference to 'white-collar crimes', Sutherland's main concern, as Kramer observes, was "with the crime of corporations".3 Although Sutherland's work was recognized as an important contribution, his efforts, 'a legacy scorned by its putative beneficiaries,'4 did not leave much interest among criminologists, as corporate crime remained largely outside the purview of criminology until 1970s. Doherty comments that the failure of criminologists to address corporate crimes was not entirely wilful, stating that many obstacles including apparent public ambivalence, lack of assessment and awareness of the seriousness of corporate crime and the absence of a valid and meaningful definition has limited the development of corporate criminology as a concerted study.5 From an academic/theoretical perspective, the issues related to defining corporate crime is of particular significance, as a valid and meaningful definition that demarcates the boundaries of the study needs to be established. Defining Corporate Crime Geis and Meier have observed that defining the concept of corporate crime has been traditionally considered as the 'toughest intellectual nightmare,' facing a corporate criminologist.6 Many researchers studying corporate crime often inconsistently use the term 'white-collar crime' to refer to corporate crime. It may be worthwhile to examine the way white-collar crime and corporate crimes are defined and understood. Sutherland defines white-collar crime 'as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.'7 Apparently, his definition focuses on the individual offender; however, Gobert and Punch suggests that his later observation, "the criminality of the corporations, like that of professional thieves, is persistent: a large number of the offenders are recidivists" suggests the inclusion of corporations within the category of these offenders.8 Gobert and Punch suggest that corporate crime, in essence refers to the individual, collective and organisational wrongdoing in a business setting.9 These definitions blur the distinction between

Friday, October 18, 2019

German Car Makers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

German Car Makers - Essay Example Main focus is to sell the cheap cars as basic rides since the major car market in the emerging market comprises of middle class society. But this low cost cars are not getting popular only in emerging world but even in premium market they are getting enough market. This has been the cause of worry for the big car maker like Toyota. Now even Toyota trying to come up with budget car to get hold of emerging market. Apart from budget car market premium car market is moving towards sensible motoring. German car makers have positioned themselves in the wrong sides of both these budget and premium car markets. This is the external environment in which Daimler Chrysler operates. Key factors and trends in this environment can be identified by using Porter’s five forces model. Here, world car market is divided into cheap and cheerful market and premium market depending on the nature of the demand of the customers. So buyers bargaining power is the key. Chrysler’s sales are not rising because today buyers have different options, each of which is equally good. Although there has been rapid improvement in terms of design and production lines, Chrysler still doesn’t have enough competitive product line as compared to its rivals. Customers have more bargaining power because they have better options from other car makers. Competition among the car makers are intense in nature as every company is coming up with new inventions, new strategies to establish those inventions. Chrysler has to come up with new better product lines in terms of technology, features and design to stay ahead of the competition. Suppliers have more bargaining power because there is more number of substitutes as all the big players are coming up with their new inventions to grab the emerging market. Suppliers are more powerful when the company is not financially sound.  This is exactly the situation in case of Chrysler as it is struggling both in terms of financial condition and product lines. Company has failed to come up with new product lines, keeping the pace with market trend.  

Approaches to banking regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Approaches to banking regulation - Essay Example As the search for the best supervision and regulation approaches continues, it is essential for the involved countries to conduct thorough assignments on the fundamental principles to employ in order to attain financial system stability and growth (Barth et. al. 2004, p.208). This paper looks into two banking regulation approaches, which are the ring-fencing and total separation strategies. Approaches to banking regulation Ring-fencing Ring-fencing is a strategy that structurally distinguishes retail banking activities from wholesale and investment bank activities. Ring-fencing mainly focuses on ensuring that provision of services is not interfered with in case of a bank’s failure. Secondly, ring-fencing aims at making it easier and less costly in resolving banks. Thirdly, this approach controls incentives for excessive risk-taking. Apart from the three main objectives of ring-fencing, this approach offers several benefits such as insulating vital UK retail bank services from global financial crises, it allows for an easier monitoring of banks under ring-fencing and in a much transparent way. The other possible benefit is the ability to promote competitiveness because UK retail banking can be made safer (Bertsch 2012, p.2). The ring-fencing approach offers a number of advantages compared to the total separation approach of bank regulation. To begin with, ring-fencing has the potential to preserve diversification benefits because it allows for an efficient use of capital, and probably lower funding costs. The second advantage is that the ring-fencing strategy preserves a higher degree of operational synergies. Thirdly, ring-fencing approach offers the advantage of having reduced legal obstacles in comparison to full separation. In addition, ring-fencing approach can be implemented with the existing European Union framework, which includes foreign banks within UK subsidiary (Independent Commission on Banking 2011, p.35). In 2011, the independent commission on banking recommended retail ring-fencing of UK banks over total separation. The main aim was to isolate banking activities in areas where continuous provision of services is of the essence to the economy and customers at large. Settling on ring-fenci ng approach would create a scenario of mutual advantageous interaction between various bank operations, which produces a higher effect than when the operations are carried individually (Independent Commission on Banking 2011, p39). Ring-fencing bank regulatory approach offers a number of restrictions to ring-fenced banks. The first restriction is that banks are not permitted to render services that are not offered to customers within the EEA. The other restriction prohibits such banks from offering services that lead to an exposure to a non-ring-fenced banking institution or non-banking financial organization. Moreover, ring-fenced banks are not allowed to offer services that would lead to trading book asset such as investing in stock, and corporate debt securities. Apart from these restrictions, under this regulatory approach, they are restricted from offering services that would influence the necessity to hold regulatory capital against counter-party credit risk or market risk. Th ese risks include the purchase or origination of derivatives. Finally, ring-fenced banks are prohibited from offering services that relate to the secondary market activity (Singh 2007, p.178). In ring-fencing

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Effects on the Only Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Term Paper

Effects on the Only Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Healthy Bond - Term Paper Example The personality characteristics of an only child are not perceived too positively by people generally. It is pre-supposed that they are children who are mostly spoiled brats. In China, one child is encouraged to bring down population growth. These little ones are called little emperors and are considered to be spoilt brats world over. According to Falbo, research on work in this area indicates otherwise. According to research conducted by him an only child tends to be more achieving, motivated and successful. However in a blended family and in social circuits the problems that crop up are significantly different. (Meyer) First of all, lets throw some insight into the concept of a blended family. A blended family is one in which there is a child included from the previous relationship in the family that was created by a new marriage. In other words only one child from the previous relationship can construe a blended family. If one is to put forth an honest account then humans have a n atural inclination that indices them to favor their own children. These children enjoy the bonus by virtue of conception. The blended family presents one with a very complex and difficult challenge to deal with. It is the challenge to honor, take care of and protect the only child in the blended family. It is to treat them as equals without letting the children of the spouse gets effected. There are a lot of ways in which a healthy bond can be developed in a blended family. A major disadvantage of favoring one’s own child while against a step child is the kind of adverse impacts such favoritism has on the psychology of the step child. It ends up bringing down the self esteem of the step child. Children are too naive to be able to understand the natural and dynamic bonding of the child with his biological parent. They will not be able to rationalize any differential treatment in this regard. They would want to be treated with just as much love, affection and care. They would w ant to be respected henceforth as well. Anything less would not go down well with them and they will feel less important and less loved. So in a blended family, parents have to be cautious in nurturing a healthy bond with both the step child as well as the only child. While it’s only fair, to have that special bond with one’s own child, the parent must figure out ways to develop his/her bond with the step child. This can be easy because no two people are the same. Similarly no two children are alike too. If one wants to, they can find ways to make both children special in their own rights. Once when enters into a marriage with someone who already has a child, there is given understanding that one will the child as if it was his/her own. If the child is not given equal treatment as the stepparent’s child, it will end up having a lasting impact on the child’s ability to gel well with other people. He is expected to suffer from an identity crisis, will strug gle developing a healthy self identity and would not be able to lead a life which is free of all kinds of emotional clutter. (Blended famiy focus) If one’s bias towards their only child, then this can jeopardize the marriage to and can have a severe impact on one’s relationship with the spouse and ultimately put the marriage on the rocks. No spouse would want to live under the belief that the care of their child has been

Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendment Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Amendment Rights - Essay Example The issue the case was whether the Fourth Amendment of U.S. constitution grants protection to individuals against unreasonable searches & seizures thus requiring police obtaining a search warrant to allow them to wiretap a public phone booth (Katz v. United States, 1967). The Miranda v Arizona (1966) is a landmark case that represents the aspect of the criminal procedures and the due processes. The defendant in the case, Miranda was arrested by police at his home and taken to a police station where the accuser identified him before later being interrogated by police for a whole two hour period resulting to him signing a written confession. Further, during his trial the written and oral confessions were provided to the jury and as result the court found the defendant guilty of rape and kidnapping hence sentenced him to a 20-30 years period imprisonment on each case account. However, Miranda appealed in the court of supreme of Arizona but the court ruled that the defendant’s constitutional rights were not infringed upon in securing his confessions (Miranda v. Arizona, 1966). The court of supreme of the United States merged four different cases with admissibility issues concerning the evidence obtained during police questionings. In the first, which involved Mr. Miranda, the defendant had been interrogated by police for two hours for charges of kidnapping and rape and although he was a migrant, the police officers failed notifying him of his rights hence resulting to him signing written confession. Moreover, the signed confessions contained a clause that, stated that the accused was aware of his rights during the interrogation as provided in the Fifth Amendment of the U.S. constitution. Therefore, in summary the issue was, whether police officers are mandated notifying the accused person in their custody of his/her rights as provided for by the Fifth Amendment

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Effects on the Only Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Term Paper

Effects on the Only Child in a Blended Family and How to Build a Healthy Bond - Term Paper Example The personality characteristics of an only child are not perceived too positively by people generally. It is pre-supposed that they are children who are mostly spoiled brats. In China, one child is encouraged to bring down population growth. These little ones are called little emperors and are considered to be spoilt brats world over. According to Falbo, research on work in this area indicates otherwise. According to research conducted by him an only child tends to be more achieving, motivated and successful. However in a blended family and in social circuits the problems that crop up are significantly different. (Meyer) First of all, lets throw some insight into the concept of a blended family. A blended family is one in which there is a child included from the previous relationship in the family that was created by a new marriage. In other words only one child from the previous relationship can construe a blended family. If one is to put forth an honest account then humans have a n atural inclination that indices them to favor their own children. These children enjoy the bonus by virtue of conception. The blended family presents one with a very complex and difficult challenge to deal with. It is the challenge to honor, take care of and protect the only child in the blended family. It is to treat them as equals without letting the children of the spouse gets effected. There are a lot of ways in which a healthy bond can be developed in a blended family. A major disadvantage of favoring one’s own child while against a step child is the kind of adverse impacts such favoritism has on the psychology of the step child. It ends up bringing down the self esteem of the step child. Children are too naive to be able to understand the natural and dynamic bonding of the child with his biological parent. They will not be able to rationalize any differential treatment in this regard. They would want to be treated with just as much love, affection and care. They would w ant to be respected henceforth as well. Anything less would not go down well with them and they will feel less important and less loved. So in a blended family, parents have to be cautious in nurturing a healthy bond with both the step child as well as the only child. While it’s only fair, to have that special bond with one’s own child, the parent must figure out ways to develop his/her bond with the step child. This can be easy because no two people are the same. Similarly no two children are alike too. If one wants to, they can find ways to make both children special in their own rights. Once when enters into a marriage with someone who already has a child, there is given understanding that one will the child as if it was his/her own. If the child is not given equal treatment as the stepparent’s child, it will end up having a lasting impact on the child’s ability to gel well with other people. He is expected to suffer from an identity crisis, will strug gle developing a healthy self identity and would not be able to lead a life which is free of all kinds of emotional clutter. (Blended famiy focus) If one’s bias towards their only child, then this can jeopardize the marriage to and can have a severe impact on one’s relationship with the spouse and ultimately put the marriage on the rocks. No spouse would want to live under the belief that the care of their child has been

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Does China's domestic political situation constrain its generation of Essay

Does China's domestic political situation constrain its generation of soft power - Essay Example Such an interpretational model has become so important that leaders of some of the most powerful nations in the world have even begun using the term and describing it as a fundamental and foundational element with regards to how they perceive the best course ahead with regards to development and world relations for the future. However, as with any interpretational model of interaction or other international/foreign relations tool, the use and application of soft power cannot definitively be said to be on the whole effective. This is of course due to the fact that different dynamics within individual countries, overall levels of democracy, and levels of emphasis that the decision-makers placed upon such a construct are all more important to defining the overall degree of success that soft power will enjoy within a specific system. Accordingly, the goal of this particular analysis will be to analyze and discuss the increasing role that soft power plays within the external relations of the People’s Republic of China and whether or not the current and past local dynamic that exist within this nation ultimately helps or constrains the overall level of soft power that it can hope to integrate within its foreign relations framework. Rather than seeking to engage in a value judgment with regards to whether or not the Chinese governmental structure is â€Å"good† or â€Å"bad†, the analysis will instead seek to gain a level of inference with regards to whether or not the current model needs and facilitates a more cohesive application of soft power or whether the undemocratic and monolithic structure of the government necessarily constrains the degree and effectiveness of whatever soft power might exist or be practiced in the first place. Soft Power and the Means Whereby States Engage with â€Å"the other† Soft power in and of itself is not a new concept. Ultimately, at least a basic understanding and interpretation of what this concept stands for has been engaged by many world powers over the past several hundred years. However, the work of Joseph Nye and the introduction into the global political lexicon of the term soft power as necessarily raised this as an issue and approach that has helped it to gain a greatly increased share of notoriety. For instance, in 2007, General Secretary Hu Jintao met with the 17th Communist Party Conference and specifically addressed the growing and extent need for an increase in the exhibition of Chinese soft power. In such a way, the reader can come to the understanding that regardless of what the preceding analysis might illuminate, the Communist Party of China and General Secretary Hu Jintao are keenly aware of the benefits that it can provide and the need to integrate with it on a more effective level as a means of furthering the individual goals that the People’s Republic of China hopes to see affected within the world. Likewise, before delving directly into the means by whic h soft power is furthered or produced by the Chinese system of governance, the reader should first consider the key differentials that separate the People’

Monday, October 14, 2019

Critical evaluation - blood brothers Essay Example for Free

Critical evaluation blood brothers Essay The play did not open with the curtain going up but instead with the lights going up. My seat was in the gallery, which is quite high up, but after I got over the sense of vertigo my view of the play was fine. I could not see the gantry at the back of the stage or the very front of the stage, but very little of the action took place in these areas. The play was written in the early 1960s by the Liverpudlian playwright Willy Russell and was first performed in the early 1980s. The play is a slice of life, or an impression of life starting in Liverpool in the early 1960s through until the 1980s, of poor working class families. The play combines music and song with narrative. The set of Blood Brothers consisted of, on either side of the stage a row of terraced house fronts. At the back of the stage there was a gantry which was used by the narrator and once by Mrs. Johnston when she sang a song that was an overview of the action that had just taken place, there was a countryside backcloth with two moveable brick wall flats which moved across to cover this. The set was very appropriate for the play, it combined well with the slice of life. The props were minimalist and brought on stage by the actors. There were four moveable flats, two that slid across the floor and two that came down from the ceiling. All the costumes and fixings were appropriate for the era of the play, they worked well together producing a realistic setting. The play opens with the twin brothers, lying down on stretchers and then being carried away. The narrator then informs the audience of the events that have just happened and then the play begins. The play is about Mrs. Johnston, a working class mother of seven children who after her husband has left her for a younger woman discovers she is pregnant with twins. Mrs. Johnston is a cleaner who works for a middle class couple, Mr. and Mrs. Lyons. Mrs. Johnston tells Mrs. Lyons of her predicament and so Mrs. Lyons who can not have children of her own and whose husband has gone away on business for six months offers to take one of the twins for herself and bring him up as her own. After some persuasion Mrs. Johnston gives one of the boys to Mrs. Lyons. She finds it difficult to keep Mrs. Johnston on as her cleaner because she can see that there is a bond between mother and child and so fires her. Several years pass, the boys are now seven, nearly eight, they meet when out playing, become great friends and Blood Brothers. Both Mrs. Johnston and Mrs. Lyons try to keep the boys apart but are unable to do so. In a desperate attempt to separate the boys the Lyons move to a house in the country well away from Mickey and the estate where the Johnstons live. A few years later the council decide to demolish the estate where the Johnstons live and relocate the families to the countryside close to where the Lyons now live. Mickey has a girlfriend, Linda, a girl he has known since childhood. One day when they are out walking they come across Eddie, (Mickeys twin), and rekindle their friendship. The twins are now sixteen years old and their friendship continues to grow until it is time for Eddie to gone away to university. However Eddie declares his love for Linda before leaving but she continues her relationship with Mickey and soon falls pregnant with his child and so they marry and move into Mickeys home. Mickeys older brother, Sammy, gets into trouble and Mickey agrees to help him out but instead ends up taking the fall for Sammy killing a man and goes to prison for seven years. During this time he becomes depressed and withdrawn from Linda. She turns to Eddie for support and they soon become emotionally attached. When Eddies mother becomes aware of the romance she tells Mickey who, now out of prison, goes to Eddies work place. Mrs. Johnston now feels she must tell the boys that they are brothers but this is too much for Mickey to understand in his present mental state, distressed and confused he shoots Eddie. Just as Mickey is doing this a policeman takes aim and fires killing Mickey. Both men are dead. On the whole the script and the play were very good. At first it took a little time to get in to the play but it soon flowed naturally. The play held the audiences interest by the use of the narrator who appeared on the stage behind the action and would burst into song. A lot of information was given on the characters through the use of song, so the audience received much of the necessary information without realising it. The part of Mrs. Johnston was played by the singer and actress Dennis Nolan. Ms. Nolan described the history of her character through the song Just like Marilyn Monroe. Her story is not extraordinary or uncommon. A girl from a Roman Catholic working class family who falls in love with a young man who takes her dancing and says she looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe. Romance soon fades once the babies start arriving. Possibly because of her faith, which would have instilled a belief that children are a blessing, she soon has a large family and her husband begins to look elsewhere for what he first found attractive in his wife. He begins to go dancing with a girl who he says looks a lot like Marilyn Monroe. When he leaves home Mrs. Johnston discovers she is pregnant with the twins of the story. This is when the events that lead up to the final tragedy really begin. Mickey is the twin that Mrs. Johnston kept. He grows up in this very poor working class family but as a child is mainly happy and full of mischief. He does not expect an easy life and accepts who he is and what his future will be. He does not expect to go to university like his friend Eddie because in his mind and at this time it was usually only children from better off families who went. Mickey would have been happy to work and bring up his children in a working class family. It is unemployment and bad choices that take away his pride and his future. He becomes very depressed, feels worthless and finally sees his marriage fall apart. The actor who played Mickey had to act the part of a child through to an adult, his mannerisms were very good and his gestures appropriate for the different ages. When he was seven Mickey acted and moved as if he was seven and when he was twenty he acted and moved like a twenty year old. His voice changed as well, it moved from a high quick voice to a deeper more solemn one. Linda is the childhood friend of Mrs. Johnstons children and especially of Mickey. The two children grow up together, play together and become girl and boyfriend. This relationship is threatened by Lindas attraction to Eddie, Mickeys twin, but although she realises that it is Eddie that she loves she does not end her relationship with Mickey. When Eddie goes away to university she becomes pregnant with Mickeys child and marries him. Lindas role in the play is huge, it is her relationship with Eddie which finally destroys Mickey and leads to the final tragedy. The play contained quite a lot of swearing but this was only used to aid the script and made it more realistic. At the end of the play many people in the audience were in tears which showed how good the performances had been. As a straight play this would have been a very sad story of some very hard lives but because the story is told partly in song the mood is much lighter. It shows that there can be laughter in even the most difficult of lives, but also how our own upbringing, superstitions and prejudices can make our lives more complicated and more difficult.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Knowledge Management Knowledge Creation in Organization

Knowledge Management Knowledge Creation in Organization In the present age, knowledge management (KM) is playing increasingly important role in both public and private organizations. However, there are many organizations did not realize the importance of KM. This value asset can contribute most of learning organizations in achieving their business aims and goals. To compete effectively in this twenty first century, organizations need to be aware on the environment changes within the organization and they needs to be the one that creates information and knowledge. In order to achieve this, both top management and support staff must be active key players in creating knowledge. Creating knowledge is not the matter of learning from others or obtaining knowledge from outside but knowledge must be built on its own through communication and interaction among people in the organization. Moreover, knowledge creation is part of knowledge management that is seen as heart to the successful of organizations where KM tasks involved in capturing the cre ativity, sharing and utilization of knowledge as well as professional that provides with competitive edge. This article is critically emphasizes on knowledge management and knowledge creation with SECI model, Ba concept and case study in regard to organizational adaption, survival and competence. Keywords: knowledge, knowledge management, knowledge creation, SECI model Ba concept, competitive edge, tacit and explicit knowledge Introduction Knowledge is now seems to be the significant to organization success where organization able to secure its competitive advantage and competent to achieve sustainable superior performance. As pointed out in Migliarese and Verteramo (2005) article based on Alvesson (1995), Drucker (1988) Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), Prusak (1997), many authors agreed that this competitive advantage relies on the ability to create new knowledge, to spread it throughout the organization and also to express that knowledge in products, services and systems. Knowledge creation also should be important part in any business strategy as this has agreed by many executives (Migliarese and Verteramo 2005). While organizational capability to create knowledge is the most important source of organization to sustain its competitive advantage (Junnakar, 1997; Nonaka et al., 2000; Parent et al., 2000). While organizational knowledge creation, need to be understood as a process that organizationally increases by individuals and develops it as a part of the knowledge network of the organization (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995). Tacit and explicit knowledge are another crucial element that involved in the creating of knowledge. Tacit knowledge is important in creating knowledge in organization where logically this knowledge is created only by individuals. Nowadays, technology is crucial element that contributes to the creating of knowledge; however, knowledge management is not a technology. Technology is only a platform that enabled the activities of creati on and people is the one who produce the knowledge. Knowledge Management Concept There are numerous of knowledge management concept has been defined by various researchers and practitioners and there is no limitation to defined it. The concept of knowledge management in todays globalization world has brought to widen aspect, where it applies based on the circumstances of certain place, time as well as space. According to Awad and Ghaziri (2001) in their book of Knowledge Management, considered the knowledge management concept as a new interdisciplinary business model that has knowledge within the framework of an organization as its focus. Knowledge management is not only emphasizes on specific area of subject but it also covers all aspect of life comprising business, economic, psychology and information management. Becerra-Fernandez et al. (2004) have defined knowledge management as doing what is needed to get the most out of knowledge resources. Based on Awad and Ghaziri (2001) as taken from Malhotra (1999) stated that knowledge management provides to the seriou s issues of organizational adaption, survival and competence in the aspect of progressively discontinuous environmental. Basically, it represents organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technology and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings. In addition, knowledge management is seen as a repository where the composed of facts and information that can be stored, retrieved and transferred in order to run the business organization effectively. Besides, knowledge management also is more than getting the right information to the right individual at the right time. In upon of views by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), people do not only receive new knowledge passively but they interpret the knowledge actively in order to fit with their own situation and perspectives. Further, knowledge management assists people to share and put information in action in order to achieve the organization goals. However, Bodhanya (2008) argued that knowledge management cannot be considered as important for organizational success in the contemporary world because this may only be the case under certain conditions. Knowledge management is really about the relationships between people, process and technology in overlapping parts (Figure 1). In order to manage knowledge, organization must first list its people, systems and decisions as well. Even though there are still have yet to agree the definition on knowledge management from researchers and practitioners (Awad and Ghaziri, 2001), each definition of knowledge management should include the above three important elements as these elements enable the organization to position itself and has positive impact on business processes. Knowledge K Figure 1: Overlapping human, organizational and technological factors of KM Source: Awad, E.M. Ghaziri, H. M. Knowledge Management. International ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004 Knowledge Creation Sabel (1994) as cited by Diego Puga and Daniel Trefler (2002) pointed out that knowledge creation is about shifting products and processes in theoretically ways of unpredictable. While as Soo, Divenney and Midgley (1999) have stated that knowledge creation is broadly known to be strategically essential for both organizational learning and innovation. In a different views, Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) said knowledge creation is basically depends on the mobilization and conversion of tacit knowledge. In the other hand, knowledge can be created through the process of tacit knowledge transfer as well as the conversion of tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge. In addition, Choi and Lee (2002) referred to the views of Bloodgood and Salibury (2001) and Bohn (1994) said that, the continuous process that involves individuals and group of people within the organization and between organization share tacit and explicit knowledge is also known as knowledge creation. While for Ratcheva (2003) new k nowledge creation is collectively constructed and embedded in the organising practices of virtual teams activities. As written by Balestrin, Vargas and Fayard (2008) in their articles that taken from Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), knowledge creation is considered as a process of knowledge conversion. Knowledge conversion is the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge in the innovative of human beings activities where they are not isolated entities but complimentary entities. Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) have introduced a model of knowledge creation known as SECI model that involved socialization, externalization, combination and internalization. SECI process will be function effectively with the support of proper context (Balestrin, Vargas and Fayard 2008) that covers the aspect of time, space and relationship between people in the organization. However, for Awad and Ghaziri (2001), the knowledge creation is related to the updated knowledge which is based on the experiences in a certain problem area and utilizes the new knowledge in combination with initial knowledge in order to update the knowledge for the purpose of knowledge sharing. In different point of views by Lehaney et al. (2004), knowledge creation is a key factor in competitiveness in a service economy where the creation of new ideas, new methods to market the existing products, upgraded old products and brand new products are all based on idea. Two Dimensions of Knowledge Creation According to Daud et al. (2008), knowledge creation has two dimensions, which are epistemological and ontological. The epistemological knowledge creation dimension comprises of both tacit and explicit knowledge. As mentioned in the book of The Knowledge Creating Company by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), tacit knowledge is personal where it is difficult to formalize and communicate as it basically in peoples mind such as ideas and thought while explicit knowledge is a knowledge that is transmittable in formal with systematic language. However Daud et al. (2008) defined explicit knowledge as a knowledge that is described in symbols such as mathematical formula and statements. The interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge is presented in the Nonaka and Takeuchi SECI model. This model is basically shows the relationship between tacit and explicit knowledge with different modes of knowledge conversion in order to develop important information and knowledge as for the business purposes . In ontological knowledge creation dimension, it emphasizes more on the different level of knowledge creating entities which involves individual, group, organization and inter-organization (Daud et al., 2008). The concept of ontological dimension can be portrayed that it is impossible to create knowledge without a people where knowledge only can be created by them. Organization also need to have a clear understanding towards the created knowledge and should constitute it as a part of knowledge network of the organization. Knowledge Creation and Four Modes of Knowledge Conversion Based on the assumption that knowledge is created through the collaboration between tacit and explicit knowledge made by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), allows them to produce model of SECI modes. These four different modes were presented in the simple square box (Figure 2) and the conversion of knowledge consists of socialization (tacit knowledge to tacit knowledge), externalization (tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge), combination (explicit knowledge to explicit knowledge) and internalization (explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge). In socialization modes, knowledge is created through the interaction between people and mental models or knowledge sharing among team members in the organizations such as team meetings and discussion. As stated by Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), individual can acquire tacit knowledge without language. While the concept of combination modes refer to the process of socialization where it merges different type of explicit knowledge that is produced by individual. This mode will be take place when individuals exchange and merge knowledge such as through meetings and phone conversation. According to Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995), the reconfiguring of existing information through the sorting, adding, recategorizing and recontextualizing of explicit knowledge can assist in the production of new knowledge. Another two modes is the knowledge conversion process of both tacit to explicit communication also referred to as externalization and internalization modes. Externalization mode is very important in articulating among team through dialogue such as formal meeting and brainstorming. The process helps the team members to articulate the hidden tacit knowledge. This mode is different with internalization mode where it related to learning by doing such as a report and deducing ideas or taking constructive action. Socialization Externalization Combination Internalization Tacit Knowledge Tacit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Explicit Knowledge Figure 2: Conversion of knowledge between tacit and explicit forms Source: Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) Principally, in order to ensure the SECI process occurs effectively, Balestrin et al., (2008) said a proper context is required. This proper context referred to the concept of ba that developed by Nonaka and Konno (1998). The ba concept is originally created by Kitaro Nishida (Nonaka and Konno, 1998) which means multi context place (Kivijarvi, 2008). According to Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2001, p. 22) ba can be defined as a shared context in which knowledge is shared, created and utilize. Each ba in ba concept supports a particular mode of knowledge conversion in the SECI process (Nonaka and Konno, 1998; Balestrin et al., 2008) as represented in Figure 2. This topic of ba concept will be explained further in the next topic. Knowledge Creation and the Characteristic of the Four Types of Ba According to Nonaka and Konno (1998), ba concept consists of four types of elements namely originating ba, interacting ba, cyber ba and exercising ba. While, Nonaka et al., (2002) have categorized it with different name of ba, there are originating ba, dialoguing ba, systemitizing ba and exercising ba. However, both opinions have similar concept. Each ba supports a particular mode of SECI model (Nonaka and Konno, 1998; Nonaka et al., 2002) and this lead to increase the speed of knowledge creation within the organization (Nonaka and Konno, 1998). For John and Cook (2001), it is very important to understand the characteristics of ba with the relationship of knowledge creation modes (SECI modes) to enhance organizational knowledge. Within a given perspective, this article will be followed the terms created by Nonaka et al. (2002). C:UsersIJAPictures2.jpg Figure 3: Types of Ba Source: Nonaka, Toyama and Konno (2002) taken from Balestrin et al. (2008) Originating ba is the beginning of the process of knowledge creation where it involves socialization mode (SECI model). Originating ba is the situation where individuals share their feelings, emotions, experiences and mental models. This can be achieved through the face to face interaction such as social gatherings and informal meetings (Trips and visits). Dialoguing ba is the second phase of ba concept where it refers to the situation where dialogue is a key to the conversion between people. This ba supports the conversion and articulation of tacit knowledge into a more external form. This means, individuals share their experiences and abilities, and finally transform it into common terms and concepts. While systematizing ba is the situation where it offers a context that combine explicit knowledge with the existing knowledge in the organization. For exercising ba, it allows the knowledge that has been socialized, externalized and systematized to be interpreted again or in the other hand it offers a context for the internalization of the knowledge again. Ba concept can be applied in the organization where it will guide an assist organization in analysing valuable basis for knowledge creation. As mentioned by Nonaka and Konnon (1998) awareness of different categories of ba can enable successful support of knowledge creation. Case Studies: Knowledge Creation in Organization This section will be presented one case studies about knowledge creation in the organization with the adaption of ba concept. Knowledge creation within the AGIVEST network Association of Rio Grande do Sul (AGIVEST) is a clothing industry that is located in southern Brazil. Based on the case study done in this small firm network, it was found out that majority knowledge is created from the information and knowledge sharing through the interaction between people in the organization. And this knowledge sharing occurs informally between the businessmen. Besides, several spaces in which this factor takes place in the network were identified. It was discovered that the effective process of knowledge creation in the AGIVEST that supported by the different types of ba concept lead to the creation of valuable knowledge assets in order to develop value and competitive differential for the organization. Various types of ba were identified and each type of ba identified works as different situation that promotes an effective platform as to make knowledge creation easier between the network firms. Based on the findings, there are 7 (seven) types of ba have been identified which consist of meetings at firms, assemblies, social gatherings, trips and visits to fairs, courses and lectures, strategic planning and electronic space. All the types of ba have been categorized according to respective ba as represented in Figure 4 below. As can be seen in the Figure 4, visits to factories, trips and visits to fairs and social gatherings and informal meetings were group under originating ba. As discussed above originating ba is a platform for individual to socialize with others through face to face interaction which they can share their feelings as well as experiences. In AGIVEST, the visits by businessmen between network industries assist them to identify enhancements of their business in the aspect of production processes, technologies and other production concepts. Through the visits and social gatherings also help them to strengthen the relationship between industries and increase the trustworthiness among networks. In fact, AGIVEST businessmen obtained chances to know the other experiences and cooperate together on the trends and challenges as well. C:UsersIJAPictures1.jpg Figure 3: Types of Ba in the AGIVEST Source: Balestrin et al. (2008) While in dialoguing ba, assist AGIVEST in to develop a good strategy in order to ensure their business stay competitive with others. It also helps in structuring their best network strategy planning as it were participated by all network businessmen. Through formal assemblies, they can take an action based on the planning that has been structured at collective decision making process in order to achieve its business goals and objectives. Electronic communication and courses and lectures occur under the systematizing ba. This stage helps the businessmen to share their knowledge that has been received from the previous stage of ba. As stated by Henderson and Sussman (1997), computer mediated communication may lead to the development quality knowledge creation through forum, and sharing beliefs, in order to confirming consensual interpretation and allowing expression of new ideas. However, limitation on it ensued in AGIVEST due to the systematization resources for knowledge was fragile and deficient, mainly in the aspect of non-existence of use of IT system. Finally, exercising ba was taken place as to produce new management concept and new production process. In short, by applying the ba concept, it helps the AGIVEST in observing the interaction between their networks that lead to the creation of knowledge. From the collected findings, it was discovered that most of the knowledge creation occurred in the AGIVEST was resulted from the informal communication between the businessmen. However, this evidence is not actually a definitive theory but it purposes to encourage further research concerning on knowledge creation and small firm network in the academic community. Conclusion As conclusion, many different types of knowledge can be created within the organization. Basically knowledge creation occurs in the organization is resulted from the interaction between people in the organization, and then this knowledge is captured and share among them for the purpose of business development. According to Ratcheva (2003), the creation of new knowledge is socially embedded in interaction and communication practices. She also said that new knowledge creation processes in virtual partnership exist in in the networks of professionals and the interaction and communication forms and rules established amongst team members decide how knowledge is gathered. Every individual in organization need to participate in the process of knowledge creation as this will lead to produce good answer to the presence problem. This method is very useful because by sharing knowledge whether in both formal and informal meetings can develop new management concept as well as better solutions for specific problems as these meetings were participated by various levels of people in the organization. All of them may contribute an idea based on their experiences at different level of job environments. However, according to Roth (2003) it is a challenge for all organizations to enhance effective knowledge creation within and between diverse knowledge areas, as significant in the deep professional knowledge area as in the cross-functional team area or other communities of practice. In reality, most of the existing study done on knowledge creation is emphasizes on the source and state of knowledge (John and Cook, 2001). Further study on this topic is needed to identify more comprehensive approach towards the creation of organizational knowledge, where the successful process of knowledge creation is resulted from the much cooperation and knowledge sharing between many organizations. Based on John and Cook (2001), research is needed where it must be beyond the source and state of knowledge in order to consider the conditions that enable knowledge creation. BIBLIOGRAPHY MLA Awad, E.M. Ghaziri, H. M. Knowledge Management. International ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004 Adamo, Jean-Marc. Data Mining for Association Rules and Sequential Patterns: Sequential and Parallel Algorithms. United States, America: Springer-Verlag New York Inc., 2001. An Introduction to Data Mining. January 25, 2010. Data Mining. January 25, 2010. Data Mining Picture. February 10, 2010. Data Mining: What is Data Mining? January 25, 2010. Decision tree technique picture. February 10, 2010. Dennis, C., David M. Tony C. Data Mining for Shopping Centers: Customer Knowledge Management Framework. Journal of Knowledge Management. 5 (4) (2001):368-374. Dunham, Margaret H. Data Mining Introductory and Advanced Topics. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc., 2003. Folorunso, O. Ogunde, A.O. Data Mining as a Technique for Knowledge Management in business process redesign. Information Management Computer Security. 13 (4) (2008): 274-280. Genetic Algorithms Mechanism Picture. February 10, 2009 Inmon, W.H, John A. Z. Jonathan G.G. Data Stores, Data Warehousing and the Zachman Framework Managing Enterprise Knowledge. United States, America: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2003 Lee, S. J. Siau, K. A Review of data mining techniques. 101.1 (2001): 41-46. 25 January 2010. Nemati, H.R. Barko, C.D. Key factors for achieving organizational data-mining success. Industrial Management Data Systems. 103 (4) (2003): 282-292. Pendhakar, P. C. Managing Data Mining Technologies in Organizations: Techniques and Applications. United States, America: Idea Group Publishing, 2003. Wang, J. Data Mining Opportunities and Challenges. United States, America: Idea Group Publishing, 2002. Westpal, C. Balxton, T. Data Mining Solutions: Methods and Tolls for Solving Real-World Problems. Canada: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1998

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Physics of Skydiving Essay -- Sports Physics Sky Diving

The Physics of Skydiving What Is Skydiving? Skydiving is an adrenaline-based sport with a fairly simple concept -- jump from a high place (usually out of a plane) from several thousand feet above sea level and hope and pray for a safe landing. This safe landing is often times achieved through the use of a device called a parachute, which enables the skydiver to reduce his speed to such a point that colliding with the earth will not be fatal. This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works. Acceleration Due To Gravity Why does a skydiver accelerate as he leaps from the plane? The answer to this question is relatively simple: gravity. Gravity acts on all bodies in the universe, and each bodies' gravitional effects are related. The body that the majority of the human population is affected by is the planet earth. The gravitational acceleration produced from earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2, which changes slightly as you move closer to or away from the earth's center of mass. Lets examine an instance for which a person named Joe prepairs for his first skydiving experience. Joe gets on a plane with an instructor and heads towards the sky. First off, while Joe is in the plane, he does not constantly accelerate downward, assuming the altitude of the plane remains constant. Why might this be the case? Newton's Second Law states, "The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass" ... ...e equals mass times acceleration, and mass is constant, acceleration must then be equal to 0. Thus velocity has reached its max and is now constant. Here is an example of how air resistance affects two different bodies. Interestingly enough, one can actually change their "terminal" velocity. For instance, if Joe were to jump out of the plane and position in the prone, spread eagle position, his surface area would be at his maximum. Thus the terminal velocity he would reach would be lower than the terminal velocity he would reach if he dove from the plane head first. When Joe transitions from spread eagle to the head first position, his surface area decreases, thus allowing for an increase in speed. With the knowledge of these concepts of physics, one should now be able (with training) to safely partake in skydiving. A safe landing should not be an issue! Physics of Skydiving Essay -- Sports Physics Sky Diving The Physics of Skydiving What Is Skydiving? Skydiving is an adrenaline-based sport with a fairly simple concept -- jump from a high place (usually out of a plane) from several thousand feet above sea level and hope and pray for a safe landing. This safe landing is often times achieved through the use of a device called a parachute, which enables the skydiver to reduce his speed to such a point that colliding with the earth will not be fatal. This paper will explain a few of the key concepts behind the physics of skydiving. First we will explore why a skydiver accelerates after he leaps out of the plane before his jump, second we will try and explain the drag forces effecting the skydiver, and lastly we will attempt to explain how terminal velocity works. Acceleration Due To Gravity Why does a skydiver accelerate as he leaps from the plane? The answer to this question is relatively simple: gravity. Gravity acts on all bodies in the universe, and each bodies' gravitional effects are related. The body that the majority of the human population is affected by is the planet earth. The gravitational acceleration produced from earth is approximately 9.8 m/s^2, which changes slightly as you move closer to or away from the earth's center of mass. Lets examine an instance for which a person named Joe prepairs for his first skydiving experience. Joe gets on a plane with an instructor and heads towards the sky. First off, while Joe is in the plane, he does not constantly accelerate downward, assuming the altitude of the plane remains constant. Why might this be the case? Newton's Second Law states, "The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass" ... ...e equals mass times acceleration, and mass is constant, acceleration must then be equal to 0. Thus velocity has reached its max and is now constant. Here is an example of how air resistance affects two different bodies. Interestingly enough, one can actually change their "terminal" velocity. For instance, if Joe were to jump out of the plane and position in the prone, spread eagle position, his surface area would be at his maximum. Thus the terminal velocity he would reach would be lower than the terminal velocity he would reach if he dove from the plane head first. When Joe transitions from spread eagle to the head first position, his surface area decreases, thus allowing for an increase in speed. With the knowledge of these concepts of physics, one should now be able (with training) to safely partake in skydiving. A safe landing should not be an issue!